Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar (glucose) levels. When cells in the body don't respond effectively to insulin, glucose can't enter the cells efficiently and builds up in the bloodstream. This condition, known as insulin resistance, can lead to Type 2 Diabetes and other health complications.
Insulin resistance not only impacts blood sugar levels but also disrupts hormonal balance. This can have different effects on women and men:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Insulin resistance increases the production of testosterone by up-regulating an enzyme called 17,20-lyase, leading to PCOS, the leading cause of infertility.
Oestrogen Dominance: Higher insulin levels convert more DHEA (an adrenal hormone) into the estrogen-testosterone pathway, resulting in elevated estrogen and testosterone levels, contributing to conditions like PCOS.
Infertility: Increased estrogen levels suppress the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), leading to infertility.
Hair Loss: Elevated testosterone and inflammation can cause thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp, a common issue in women with insulin resistance.
Facial and Abnormal Hair Growth: Increased testosterone, which converts to DHT, leads to facial hair growth, acne, weight gain, and depression.
Insulin resistance can up-regulate aromatase, an enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen, leading to hormonal imbalances commonly seen in andropause ("manopause"). Men might experience normal or low-normal testosterone levels but high estrogen levels, contributing to symptoms similar to low testosterone.
Managing insulin resistance involves lifestyle changes to regulate blood sugar levels:
Healthy Eating: Focus on whole, unprocessed foods.
Avoiding Refined Carbohydrates and Industrial Seed Oils: Limit flour intake, sugar, and unhealthy fats.
Adjusting Carbohydrate Intake: Tailor your diet based on your blood sugar response.
Exercise: Engage in high-intensity strength training and reduce sedentary behaviour.
Adequate Sleep: Ensure you get enough restful sleep.
Stress Management: Implement strategies to manage stress effectively.
Recognising the symptoms of insulin resistance can help in early intervention:
Abdominal Fat: Persistent fat around the midsection, often called the "muffin top."
High Blood Pressure: Readings of 130/80 mmHg or higher.
Elevated Blood Sugar Levels: Fasting glucose levels over 100 mg/dL.
High Cholesterol Levels: Elevated cholesterol is a common sign.
Skin Tags: The presence of skin tags can indicate insulin resistance.
Addressing insulin resistance is crucial for preventing type 2 diabetes and other health issues. By making informed lifestyle changes, such as improving diet, increasing physical activity, and managing stress, individuals can significantly reduce the risk and manage symptoms effectively.
